El Departamento de Sanidad Animal de la Universidad de León centra su actividad en el diagnóstico ..., microbiológico, epidemiológico y parasitológico de enfermedades que afectan al sector bovino, porcino y ovino, y de enfermedades compartidas entre especies domésticas y silvestres. Así mismo su actividad se basa en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas, probióticos y prototipos vacunales.
Ana Balseiro Morales
Líneas de Investigación
SANIDAD EN FAUNA SILVESTRE
Tuberculosis (tejón y jabalí): Bioseguridad/pruebas vacunales en tejones/epidemiología/desarrollo técnicas diagnósticas
Enfermedades anfibios: Ranavirus (epidemiología/técnicas de diagnóstico)
Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores: Flavivirus (epidemiología y pruebas eficacia vacunas)
SANIDAD Y PATOLOGÍA DE RUMIANTES
Enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias de los rumiantes (paratuberculosis, toxoplasma)
Patología esporádica y de la reproducción
Patogenia e inmunopatología de las principales enfermedades
PATÓGENOS RESPIRATORIOS DE ETIOLOGÍA BACTERIANA
Complejo Respiratorio Porcino: factores de virulencia, diagnóstico, alternativas al uso de antibióticos para el tratamiento y vacunas (Streptococcus suis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae …)
Estudios epidemiológicos, de factores de virulencia y de resistencia a antimicrobianos en Francisella tularensis de procedencia humana y animal aisladas en Castilla y León
ACUICULTURA CONTINENTAL E ICTIOPATOLOGÍA
Acuicultura continental
Enfermedades infecciosas de los peces
Inmunoprotección frente a enfermedades de los peces
Infecciones por Saprolegnia
Cultivos celulares y ensayos in vitro en acuicultura
ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS DEL GANADO PORCINO
Procesos infecciosos entéricos en porcino
Modulación y mejora de la microbiótica digestiva. Prebióticos y probióticos
Monitorización y estrategias de reducción para el desarrollo de resistencias a antibióticos en porcino. Alternativas al uso de antibióticos en producción animal
ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES Y PARASITARIAS
CONTROL DE ENFERMEDADES PRODUCIDAS POR PARÁSITOS HELMINTOS EN RUMIANTES
Detección de resistencias antihelmínticas
Búsqueda de nuevas moléculas con actividad antihelmíntica
Desarrollo de nuevos métodos de diagnóstico «point of care» para la detección en la granja de infecciones por nemátodos gastrointestinales
Búsqueda de marcadores genéticos relacionados con la resistencia a la infección por nemátodos gastrointestinales
Proyectos de Investigación
Proyecto piloto de mejora de la bioseguridad en ganadería bovina extensiva del Valle de Alcudia
Año: 2018 Convocatoria: Proyectos Castilla la Mancha
Estrategias integradas para el control y la erradicación de la tuberculosis en España (ERATUB)
Año: 2018 Convocatoria: AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN - Convocatorias 2018 Proyectos de I+D de GENERACIÓN DE CONOCIMIENTO y Proyectos de I+D+i RETOS INVESTIGACIÓN
Distribution patterns of saprolegniosis cutaneous lesions in wild and farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) obtained using a geographic information system (GIS) (Fregeneda-Grandes y Aller-Gancedo , 2019)
A retrospective study was conducted using 250 clinical records of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) with saprolegniosis by Saprolegnia parasitica, which had been collected from 8 rivers and 1 fish farm in the province of León (Spain). A geographic information system (GIS) was used to obtain skin lesion distribution patterns in males and females. Lesions in wild brown trout affected 15.31 ± 13.33% of the body surface, with a mean of 12.76 ± 6.56 lesions per fish. In addition, 51.23% of wild trout presented lesions with necrosis of the skin or fins. The pattern obtained when not distinguishing between sexes indicated that saprolegniosis lesions are mainly located above the lateral line and most frequently affect the dorsal cephalic region, the adipose fin, the peduncle and the caudal fin. However, differences were observed between males and females. Farmed trout presented a lower percentage of affected body surface (2.06 ± 4.36) and a lower number of lesions with and without necrosis because they received preventive treatment for saprolegniosis.https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13070
First record of an outbreak of saprolegniosis by Saprolegnia parasitica in Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho, 1985) (Cyprinidae) (Aller-Gancedo et al., 2016)
Biocontrol of saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) using two bacterial isolates (LE89 and LE141) of Pseudomonas fluorescens (González-Palacios et al., 2019)
The probiotic activity of 15 bacterial isolates that inhibit Saprolegnia parasitica in vitro was tested for the biocontrol of saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), adding the bacteria to tank water for 14 days at a concentration of 106 bacteria ml−1 water. Pseudomonas fluorescens LE89 and Pseudomonas fluorescens LE141 were effective in controlling experimental infection with S. parasitica since of the fish treated with LE89, 24.5% ± 16.27% (p < 0.05) became infected, as did 42.8% ± 8.41% (p < 0.05) of those treated with LE141. Given their protective effect when administered in water, their effect was also studied when administered in feed before and after experimental infection. Both bacterial isolates survived low pH levels and the action of bile, grew in skin and intestinal mucus, were resistant to several antibiotics and survived in feed; however, neither of the two isolates prevented S. parasitica infection when administered in feed.https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12928
Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Badger (Meles meles) Spatial Ecology in a Hot-Spot Area in Atlantic Spain (Acevedo et al. 2019)
We provide a temporal overview (from 2012 to 2018) of the outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in the cattle and badger populations in a hot-spot in Asturias (Atlantic Spain). We also study the badger`s spatial ecology from an epidemiological perspective in order to describe hazardous behavior in relation to TB transmission between cattle and badgers. Culture and single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT) were available for cattle as part of the National Program for the Eradication of TB. A field survey was also carried out in order to determine the paddocks and buildings used by each farm, and the information obtained was stored by using geographic information systems. Moreover, eighty-three badgers were submitted for necropsy and subsequent bacteriological studies. Ten badgers were also tracked, using global positioning system (GPS) collars. The prevalence of TB in cattle herds in the hot-spot increased from 2.2% in 2012 to 20% in 2016; it then declined to 0.0% in 2018. In contrast, the TB prevalence in badgers increased notably (from 5.55% in 2012-2015 to 10.64% in 2016-2018). Both cattle and badgers shared the same strain of Mycobacterium bovis. The collared badgers preferred paddocks used by TB-positive herds in spring and summer (when they were more active). The males occupied larger home ranges than the females (Khr95: males 149.78 ± 25.84 ha and females 73.37 ± 22.91 ha; Kcr50: males 29.83 ± 5.69 ha and females 13.59 ± 5.00 ha), and the home ranges were smaller in autumn and winter than in summer. The averages of the index of daily and maximum distances traveled by badgers were 1.88 ± (SD) 1.20 km and 1.99 ± 0.71 km, respectively. One of them presented a dispersive behavior with a maximum range of 18.3 km. The most preferred habitat was apple orchards in all seasons, with the exception of winter, in which they preferred pastures.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963265/pdf/pathogens-08-00292.pdf
Protective Effect of Oral BCG and Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccines in European Badgers (Meles meles) Experimentally Infected With M. bovis (Balseiro et al. 2020)
In Europe, badgers (Meles meles) are recognized as major tuberculosis (TB) reservoir hosts with the potential to transmit infection to associated cattle herds. Recent studies in Spain have demonstrated that vaccination with a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (HIMB) successfully protects captive wild boar and red deer against progressive disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two oral vaccines against TB in a badger model: the live-attenuated M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a HIMB vaccine. Twenty-four badgers were separated in three treatment groups: oral vaccinated with live BCG (108 CFU, n = 5), oral vaccinated with HIMB (107 CFU, n = 7), and unvaccinated controls (n = 12). All badgers were experimentally infected with M. bovis (103 CFU) by the endobronchial route targeting the right middle lung lobe. Throughout the study, clinical, immunological, pathological, and bacteriological parameters of infection were measured. Both vaccines conferred protection against experimental TB in badger, as measured by a reduction of the severity and lesion volumes. Based on these data, HIMB vaccination appears to be a promising TB oral vaccine candidate for badgers in endemic countries.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7011093/pdf/fvets-07-00041.pdf
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